Sampling and Data
Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms • Data, Sampling, and Variation in Data and Sampling • Levels of Measurement • Experimental Design and Ethics
Descriptive Statistics
Display Data • Measures of the Location of the Data • Measures of the Center of the Data • Sigma Notation and Calculating the Arithmetic Mean • Geometric Mean • Skewness and the Mean, Median, and Mode • Measures of the Spread of the Data
Probability Topics
Terminology • Independent and Mutually Exclusive Events • Two Basic Rules of Probability • Contingency Tables and Probability Trees • Venn Diagrams
Discrete Random Variables
Hypergeometric Distribution • Binomial Distribution • Geometric Distribution • Poisson Distribution
Continuous Random Variables
Properties of Continuous Probability Density Functions • The Uniform Distribution • The Exponential Distribution
The Normal Distribution
The Standard Normal Distribution • Using the Normal Distribution • Estimating the Binomial with the Normal Distribution
The Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means • Using the Central Limit Theorem • The Central Limit Theorem for Proportions • Finite Population Correction Factor
Confidence Intervals
A Confidence Interval When the Population Standard Deviation Is Known or Large Sample Size • A Confidence Interval When the Population Standard Deviation Is Unknown and Small Sample Case • A Confidence Interval for A Population Proportion • Calculating the Sample Size n: Continuous and Binary Random Variables
Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
Null and Alternative Hypotheses • Outcomes and the Type I and Type II Errors • Probability Distribution Needed for Hypothesis Testing • Full Hypothesis Test Examples
Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples
Comparing Two Independent Population Means • Cohen’s Standards for Small, Medium, and Large Effect Sizes • Test for Differences in Means: Assuming Equal Population Variances • Comparing Two Independent Population Proportions • Two Population Means with Known Standard Deviations • Matched or Paired Samples
The Chi-Square Distribution
Facts About the Chi-Square Distribution • Test of a Single Variance • Goodness-of-Fit Test • Test of Independence • Test for Homogeneity • Comparison of the Chi-Square Tests
F Distribution and One-Way ANOVA
Test of Two Variances • One-Way ANOVA • The F Distribution and the F-Ratio • Facts About the F Distribution
Linear Regression and Correlation
The Correlation Coefficient r • Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient • Linear Equations • The Regression Equation • Interpretation of Regression Coefficients: Elasticity and Logarithmic Transformation • Predicting with a Regression Equation • How to Use Microsoft Excel® for Regression Analysis
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